Ryan Muiruri: Kijana aliyezaliwa na jinsia mbili nchini Kenya

Haki miliki ya pichaRYAN MUIRURI

Image caption'Mimi sikujua kwamba niko tofauti na watoto wengine wakike, niligudua hilo nilipokuwa na umri wa miaka mitano' Ryan Muiruri

Hujafa hujaumbika, miaka 29 iliyopita kijana aliyezaliwa na jinsia mbili nchini Kenya Ruth Wangui amebadili jinsia yake na sasa ni mwanamume anayefahamika kama Ryan Muiruri.

Ni mojawapo ya watoto wengi wanaozaliwa duniani kila mwaka walio na umbo lisiloweza kufafanuliwa kuwa ni mwanamke au mwanamume kwa wakati huo.

Kulingana na Ryan, alipozaliwa, mamake na mkunga waliamua kumpatia jinsia ya kike kwani walimuona kuwa na maumbile ya mtoto msichana.

Uamuzi ambao haukumpatia amani katika miaka itakayofuata

Baadhi ya watu wanaozaliwa na jinsia mbili, wanataka kutofautishwa na wapenzi wa jinsia moja, kwani hali zao wanaeleza ni kuhusu jinsia wala sio sifa za uume au uke.

Kwa mujibu wa Shirika la Afya Duniani, kuna aina 42 tofauti ya watu wenye jinsia mbili ulimwenguni. Ijapokuwa hakuna takwimu zilizokusanywa kuhusu hili, wataalamu wanasema kuwa, kwa kila watoto elfu 20 wanaozaliwa, mmoja ana jinsia mbili.

'Mimi sikujua kwamba niko tofauti na watoto wengine wakike, niligundua hilo nilipokuwa na umri wa miaka mitano nilipokuwa nikicheza na wenzangu' Ryan amesema.

'Nilikuwa nikicheza wa wenzangu na shangazi yangu ambaye tuko rika moja, na baada ya muda nilianza kupigana na mwenzangu hapo ndipo wakagundua kwamba mimi sio mtoto msichana kamili kama walivyodhania, walinivua nguo na hapo ndipo niliweza kubaini kwamba ni kweli mimi niko tofauti, niligundua niko na sehemu nyengine ambazo wasichana wengine hawana.' Ryan aliongezea.

Anaeleza kwamba watu wenye jinsia mbili hubaguliwa, wengi hukosa kueleweka, na mara nyingi hutizamwa kama watu wenye laana.

Ryan Muiruri

Walinivua nguo na hapo ndipo niliweza kubaini kwamba kweli, mimi niko tofauti. Niligundua nina sehemu nyengine ambazo wasichana wengine hawana.'

Ryan Muiruri

Ryan ambaye sasa ni mwanaharakati na muasisi wa chama cha watu wenye jinsia mbili, anasema hali hii ya kuwa na jinsia mbili iliathiri maisha yake.

'Nilikuwa sina raha na hata marafiki zangu walinifanyia utani wakisema mimi huwa sitabasamu, lakini ni kwa sababu sijakutana na kitu chochote ambacho kimenifurahisha maishani mwangu.'

'Tangu kisa hicho cha watoto kugundua kwamba mimi sio msichana kamili walienda shuleni na kutangaza siri yangu. Wakati nilipokuwa ninakwenda haja watoto walikuwa wakinifuata kunitazama iwapo mimi hujisaidia kama kijana au huchuchumaa kama msichana, na maisha shuleni yalizidi kuwa magumu sana kwangu'.

Anaeleza hayo yalimfanya kutoroka shuleni na hata kujificha msituni lakini baada ya muda hilo likagunduliwa.

'Mamangu mzazi aligundua hilo kwani sikuwa na andika chochote katika vitabu vyangu'.

Mwaka wa 2004, ndipo aliianza safari ya kubadili jinsia yake kuwa mwanamume na anasema ulikuwa mwaka mgumu sana.

'Mahali nilipolelewa walizingatia dini sana, kwa sababu hata watoto wasichana hawakuruhusiwa kuvaa suruale ndefu ila marinda pekee'.

'Nilipopata muda wa kutoka nyumbani nilikuwa najifanya kijana na nikaanza kuvalia mavazi ya kakangu mdogo lakini niliporudi nyumbani ilinibidi nivae rinda na kujifanya mimi mi msichana kwani hivyo ndivyo wanavyonitambua

Ryan anakiri kwamba ni mtihani mkubwa na amewasihi wazazi iwapo watagundua kwamba wamejaliwa mtoto wenye utata au tofauti kidogo, ni vyema kutafuta ushauri kwa wakati muafaka na hata amewasihi wale ambao wana jinsia mbili kujitokeza watafute uhuru wa maisha yao.

Sheria Itakayowasimamia watu wenye jinsia mbili yawasilishwa kwa mwanasheria mkuu Kenya

Mtoto anazaliwa vipi na jinsia mbili?

Kulingana na Dkt. Andrew Remideus kutoka nchini Tanzania, hali hiyo hutokea katika utungishi wa mimba katika wiki ya tano au sita, ambapo kunatengenezwa jinsia kati ya kike na ya kiume na ndio hitalafu hutokea.

Na hitalafu hiyo husababisha utata wa kubaini jinsia kamili.

Kabla ya kufanya upasuaji wa kubadilisha mtu jinsia lazima daktari azingatie yafuatayo

•Mtu kufanyiwa vipimo

•Kubainisha viungo alivyonavyo vya uzazi

•Idadi ya homoni katika mwili wake

•hali ya mtu huyo anajihisi.

Hata hivyo, katika kipindi cha miaka michache iliyopita, watoto wenye jinsia mbili wamefanyiwa upasuaji na kuwa sawa. Upasuaji ambao hufanywa mara nyingi hurekebisha tu sehemu zenye matatizo kwa sababu sio lazima. Baadhi ya watu waliofanyiwa wanasema kuwa upasuaji huo ulikuwa na athari hasi maishani mwa watoto, kimwili na pia kiakili.

Ili kuwalinda watoto dhidi ya ukiukwaji huu, mataifa kama vile Malta, Ujerumani, Chile, Indonesia na Colombia yamepiga marufuku upasuaji wa aina hiyo kwa kuwa unafanywa bila ya kuzingatia maslahi ya mtoto.

Nchini kenya mchakato huo umeanza na jopokazi lililobuniwa na serikali ya Kenya kuchunguza sera na sheria zilizopo kuhusu watu wenye maumbile hayo, wamependekeza watambuliwe kama "jinsia ya tatu".

Jopo hilo pia linapendekeza jinsia ya watu hao ijumuishwe katika stakabadhi rasmi na vile vile washirikishwe katika sensa ya kuhesabu watu.

Ujerumani, ni taifa la kwanza duniani kuanzisha jinsia ya tatu kwa kuruhusu watoto wanaozaliwa na jinsia tatu kusajiliwa kuwa si wanaume au wanawake

Noti ya $50 ya Australia ina makosa ya herufi katika neno uwajibikaji

Haki miliki ya pichaRESERVE BANK OF AUSTRALIA

Image captionKumbuka kuangalia maandishi kwenye pesa zako

Noti mpya nchini Australia ya $50 imechapishwa ikiwa na makosa ya herufi, ambayo inatazamwa kuwa aibu.

Benki ya akiba ya Australia (RBA) imeandika neno "responsibility" yaani jukumu hivi - "responsibilty" - katika mamilioni ya noti hizo mpya za rangi ya njano.

Imethibitisha kosa hilo la herufi leo na kueleza kwamba litasahihishwa katika noti zitakazochapishwa katika siku zijazo.

Lakini kwa sasa, takriban noti milioni 46 zinatumika nchini

Zilichapishwa mwishoni mwa mwaka jana na zinamuonyesha Edith Cowan, mbunge wa kwanza mwanamke nchini Australia.

Kinachoonekana kama nyasi nyuma ya bega la Bi Cowan, ni maandishi madogo mno - ya nukuu ya hotuba yake ya kwanza bungeni.

Hakimiliki ya Picha mmmhotbreakfastMMMHOTBREAKFAST

"Ni jukumu kubwa kuwa mwanamke wa kipekee hapa, na nataka nisisitize haja iliopo kwa wanawake wengine kuwepo hapa," ni maneno yalioandikwa na kuregelewa mara kadhaa kwa hati ndogo mno katika noti hiyo.

Na neno jukumu kwa kizungu 'responsibility', limechapishwa mara zote bila ya herufi 'i' - na kuandikwa "responsibilty

Imechukua zaidi ya miezi 6 kutambua makosa hayo ya herufi.

Haki miliki ya pichaRESERVE BANK OF AUSTRALIA

Noti hiyo ya $50 ndiyo inayotumika sana Australia, na imesambaa pakubwa.

Wakati noti hiyo mpya ilipochapishwa mnamo Oktoba, iliundwa kwa vigezo vya kiusalama kuzuia kuighushi

Na kama basi unajiuliza iwapo noti hiyo inatumika - ndio, noti hiyo yenye makosa ya herufi inatumika kama sarafu ya nchini humo

Korea Kaskazini yafanya tena jaribio la makombora yake

Haki miliki ya pichaEPA/KCNA

Image captionKorea Kaskazini Kim Jong akiongoza zoezi la kufanyia majaribio makombora ya nchi hiyo wiki iliyopita

Korea Kaskazini imerusha makombora mawili ya masfa mafupi, limesema jeshi la Korea Kusini.

Makombora hayo yalirushwa kutoka eneo la Sino-ri lililopo Kaskazini Magharibi mwa mji mkuu wa Pyongyang.

Hatua hiyo inakuja wakati balozi wa Marekani anaehudumu huko Korea kazkazini Steve Beigun anazuru Korea kusini kutafuta vipi mazungumzo hayo yanaweza kuanzishwa upya.

Wachambuzi wanatafsiri kitendo hicho ni kutokana na kutoridhika kwa utawala wa Pyongyang na kuvunjika kwa mwendelezo wa mazungumzo yao na Marekani yaliyokuwa yafanyike mwezi February huko mjinii Hanoi.

Mwezi uliyopita Korea Kaskazini ilisema kuwa imefanyia majaribio silaha yenye kombora kali , ikiwa ni mara ya kwanza tangu mazungumzo kati ya rais Donald Trump na Kim Jong un kugonga mwamba.

Tunafahamu nini kuhusu hatua hiyo?

Makombora mawili ya masafa mafupi yalirushwasaa kumi unusu skwa saa za huko, ilisema taarifa ya pamoja ya wakuu wa kijeshi kutoka taifa jirani la Korea Kusini.

Uchunguzi wa kina unafanywa kwa ushirikiano na maafisa wa upelelezi wa Marekani, iliongeza taarifa hiyo.

• Kim Jong-un alivyoongoza 'jaribio' la makombora

Rais wa Korea kusini Moon Jae-in amemuonya kiongozi wa Korea kaskazini kutoondelea na tabia yake ya kufanya majaribio ya kufyatua makombora.

Amesema kwamba hatua hiyo itatetelesha uhusiano wao na Marekani na vilevile utawala huo wa Seoul.

Mzozo wa nyuklia unatokana na nini?

Hali ya taharuki imezuka kati ya Korea kaskazini na Marekani baada ya Washington kusisitiza kuwa Pyongyang ikomeshe mpango wake wa nyuklia.

Kiongozi wa Korea kazkazini Kim Jong-un anataka vikwazo dhidi ya nchi yake viondolewe na mazoezi ya kijeshi kati ya Marekani na Korea kusini yasitishwe.

Jumamosi iliyopita Korea Kaskazini ilithibitisha kuwa rais Kim Jong-un ameongoza mwenyewe shughuli ya kufanyia majaribio makombora kadhaa ya masafa ya kadri na yale ya masafa ya mbali.

Haki miliki ya pichaAFP/KCNA VIA KNS

"Makombora kadhaa ya masafa mafupi" pia yalirushwa kutoka rasi ya Hodo hadi bahari ya Japan.

Mwaka uliopita , kiongozi huyo wa Korea alisema kuwa atasitisha majaribio ya silaha za kinyuklia na kwamba hatofanyia majaribio makombora ya masafa marefu huku uwezo wa Kinyuklia wa Pyonyang ukibainika.

Vitendo vya kinyuklia vilionekana vikiendelea, hatahivyo picha za Setlaiti katika kiwanda kikubwa cha kinyuklia cha taifa hilo wiki ilioipita zilionyesha kulikuwa na vitendo vilivyokuwa vikifanyika-zikidai kwamba huenda Korea kaskazini inatengeneza mionzi kuwa mafuta ya bomu.

Taifa hilo linadai kwamba limetenegeza bomu la kinyuklia ambalo linaweza kuingia katika kichwa cha silaha ya masafa marefu pamoja na kombora ambalo linaweza kufika Marekani

Mkewe mwanamfalme Harry wa Uingereza ajifungua mtoto wa kiume

Mkewe mwanamfalme Harry wa Uingereza ajifungua mtoto wa kiume

Mwanmfalme Harry amesema kuwa yeye na Meghan “wanafuraha iyokuwa na kifani” baada ya mtoto wao wa kwanza kuzaliwa.

Amewashukuru wote waliyowapatia usaidizi kipindi cha ujauzitio wa mke wake.

Amesema Meghan na mtoto wao wako katika ”hali nzurI Jinala toto halijatolewa.

“Bado tunafikiaria jina tutakaliompatia,” Mwanamfalme Harry aliwaambia wanahabari.

“Nadhani tutakuwa na tumepata jina katika kipindi cha siku mbili – kama ilivyopangwa – na kama familia tutawafahamisha jina lake na kila mtu amuone mtoto.

US fake university: India anger after students arrested

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Image captionThe sting operation came complete with a fake university website

India has made a diplomatic protest to the US after 129 Indian students were arrested for enrolling in a fake university.

The University of Farmington, advertised as based in Michigan state, was run by undercover agents from the Department of Homeland Security to expose "pay-to-stay" immigration fraud.

Prosecutors say those who enrolled knew that the facility would be illegal.

However, Indian officials say the students may have been duped.

On Saturday, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) issued the protest to the US embassy in Delhi, expressing concern over the arrests and demanding consular access to those detained.

"Our concern over the dignity and wellbeing of the detained students and the need for immediate consular access for Indian officials to the detainees was reiterated," the ministry said.

How were students lured?

The fake university was set up in 2015 to try to catch foreign nationals who had initially travelled to the US on student visas and wanted to stay in the country, US media reported.

A website for the University of Farmington showed pictures of students in classes and libraries, or relaxing around a grassy campus.

Image captionThe website used stock images of students working

It advertised tuition for undergraduates at $8,500 (£6,500) a year and $11,000 a year for graduate students. It also had a fake Facebook page with a calendar of events.

But court papers released last week showed that the employees of the University of Farmington were undercover agents for the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE).

The "campus" was an office at a business park in a Detroit suburb.

Who is being accused of what?

The indictment, filed in the District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, said the students knew the scheme was illegal.

Prosecutors say the spurious university was being used as a "pay to stay" scheme - allowing people who entered the country legally as students to extend their stay and work by transferring to it.

• US hits Ghana with visa limits

A total of 130 students - including 129 from India - were arrested on Wednesday and charged with civil immigration charges, the Detroit Free Press reported.

The students face possible deportation if convicted.

Separately, eight people who allegedly acted as recruiters were charged with conspiracy to commit visa fraud and "harbouring aliens for profit".

What is India arguing?

The Indian government said the students could have been tricked into enrolling.

"We have urged the US side to share full details and regular updates of the students with the government, to release them from detention at the earliest and not to resort to deportation against their will," MEA added.

Some immigration advocates in the US also believe innocent foreigners were trapped by the government.

Ravi Mannam, an immigration attorney in Atlanta, told the Detroit Free Press that the sting "kind of hooked these students by promising them credits for their previous master's programmes".

Meanwhile a telephone hotline for worried relatives of those being held has been set up at the Indian embassy in Washington, the Times of India reported.

The US embassy in Delhi confirmed it had received the note of protest but made no further statement.

What is behind the crackdown?

US immigration authorities have resorted to increasingly tough enforcement tactics in recent years.

In a precedent to the latest sting, immigration agents set up the fake University of Northern New Jersey in 2016 under the Obama administration. A total of 21 people, mostly from China and India, were arrested.

• The effects of a US migrant raid on one tiny town

Over the past two years, the Trump administration has further clamped down on undocumented migrants and visa overstayers.

Workplace raids have led to hundreds of arrests.

In two massive operations last year, ICE agents detained 146 people at a meat supplier in Ohio and another 150 at a trailer manufacturer in Texas.

Media captionThe missing - consequences of Trump's immigration crackdown

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